How to Play with particular group using Ansible Playbook

Question

Ansible version: 2.1.0

My ansible hosts file is:

[PM]
xyz.example.com ansible_connection=ssh

[ND]
pqr.example.com ansible_connection=ssh

[CM]
xyz.example.com ansible_connection=ssh
pqr.example.com ansible_connection=ssh

And playbook is:

- hosts: PM:ND:CM
   remote_user: root
   tasks:
    {some thing}

- hosts: PM
   remote_user: root
   tasks:
    {some thing}

 - hosts: ND
   remote_user: root
   tasks:
    {some thing}

- hosts: CM
   remote_user: root
   tasks:
    {some thing}

And I am running playbook with the following command:

ansible-playbook --limit 'PM' akana-installation.yml

But still the playbook is playing with all hosts, it means

Play 'PM:ND:CM'
Play 'PM'
Play 'ND'
Play 'CM'

those all plays are playing. Please help me to resolve this.

What I need is: While executing playbook I will give group name, that only group should play, so please let me know is there any other way.

Answer 1

Original question was: --limit option is not working

By calling ansible-playbook --limit 'PM' akana-installation.yml you tell ansible to limit servers to the hosts that are in PM group.
In your case it will be xyz.example.com.
Keep in mind that if you have this server in several groups, as you do, it will still be a member of that groups.
Your limited inventory will become:

[PM]
xyz.example.com ansible_connection=ssh

[ND]

[CM]
xyz.example.com ansible_connection=ssh

And ansible-playbook will execute every play in your playbook that is applicable for asma.example.com.
In your case:

Play 'PM:ND:CM'
[xyz.example.com]
Play 'PM'
[xyz.example.com]
Play 'ND'
skipping: no hosts matched
Play 'CM'
[xyz.example.com]

Answer 2

Create dir for playbook files:

mkdir playbooks

Split your playbooks into separate files, eg. playbooks/pm.yml:

- hosts: PM
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  {some thing}

Create file all.yml

- hosts: PM:ND:CM
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
  {some thing}

- include: playbooks/pm.yml
- include: playbooks/nd.yml
- include: playbooks/cm.yml    

Now You have separate logic and You can play all with command:

ansible-playbook all.yml

or run separate command:

ansible-playbook playbooks/pm.yml

or

ansible-playbook playbooks/nd.yml

Answer 3

This is to Add on to the previous answer. And I apologize if I misunderstood your question, but your example playbook, had no descriptions.

Cleaning up skipped hosts:
Group 'ND' will (as stated above) not match any hosts. And if you want to remove the output from the play, you would have to use a Callback plugin. I use the following Gist:

Another way to limit:
To limit in the way you are asking to, you will need to use TAGS. This will allow you to limit by play (which is what you seem to want to do) instead of by host lists.

To do this, add a tag to the play:

...
- hosts: PM
  remote_user: root
  tags: pmtag
  tasks:
    {some thing}

Then run the playbook with the new tag excluded or included depending on your needs.

ansible-playbook --limit 'PM' akana-installation.yml --tags pmtag

This will ensure that only hosts in PM run only plays tagged with pmtag.