MongoDB - Update or Insert object in array

Question

I have the following collection

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408"),
    "myarray" : [ 
        {
            userId : ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"),
            point : 5
        },
        {
            userId : ObjectId("613ca5e48dbe673802c2d521"),
            point : 2
        },        
     ]
}

These are my questions

I want to push into myarray if userId doesn't exist, it should be appended to myarray. If userId exists, it should be updated to point.

I found this

db.collection.update({
    _id : ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408"),
    "myarray.userId" :  ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035")
}, {
    $set: { "myarray.$.point": 10 }
})

But if userId doesn't exist, nothing happens.

and

db.collection.update({
    _id : ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408")
}, {
  $push: {
      "myarray": {
          userId: ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"),
          point: 10
      }
  }
})

But if userId object already exists, it will push again.

What is the best way to do this in MongoDB?

Answer 1

Try this

db.collection.update(
    { _id : ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408")},
    { $pull: {"myarray.userId": ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035")}}
)
db.collection.update(
    { _id : ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408")},
    { $push: {"myarray": {
        userId:ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"),
        point: 10
    }}
)

Explination: in the first statment $pull removes the element with userId= ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035") from the array on the document where _id = ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408")

In the second one $push inserts this object { userId:ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"), point: 10 } in the same array.

Answer 2

The accepted answer by Flying Fisher is that the existing record will first be deleted, and then it will be pushed again.

A safer approach (common sense) would be to try to update the record first, and if that did not find a match, insert it, like so:

// first try to overwrite existing value
var result = db.collection.update(
   {
       _id : ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408"),
       "myarray.userId": ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035")
   },
   {
       $set: {"myarray.$.point": {point: 10}}
   }
);
// you probably need to modify the following if-statement to some async callback
// checking depending on your server-side code and mongodb-driver
if(!result.nMatched)
{
    // record not found, so create a new entry
    // this can be done using $addToSet:
    db.collection.update(
        {
            _id: ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408")
        },
        {
            $addToSet: {
                myarray: {
                    userId: ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"),
                    point: 10
                }
            }
        }
    );
    // OR (the equivalent) using $push:
    db.collection.update(
        {
            _id: ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408"),
            "myarray.userId": {$ne: ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"}}
        },
        {
            $push: {
                myarray: {
                    userId: ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"),
                    point: 10
                }
            }
        }
    );
}

This should also give (common sense, untested) an increase in performance, if in most cases the record already exists, only the first query will be executed.

Answer 3

Unfortunately "upsert" operation is not possible on embedded array. Operators simply do not exist so that this is not possible in a single statement.Hence you must perform two update operations in order to do what you want. Also the order of application for these two updates is important to get desired result.

Answer 4

There is a option called update documents with aggregation pipeline starting from MongoDB v4.2,

• check condition $cond if userId in myarray.userId or not
• if yes then $map to iterate loop of myarray array and check condition if userId match then merge with new document using $mergeObjects
• if no then $concatArrays to concat new object and myarray

let _id = ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408");
let uodateDoc = {
  userId: ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"),
  point: 10
};

db.collection.update(
  { _id: _id },
  [{
    $set: {
      myarray: {
        $cond: [
          { $in: [updateDoc.userId, "$myarray.userId"] },
          {
            $map: {
              input: "$myarray",
              in: {
                $mergeObjects: [
                  "$$this",
                  {
                    $cond: [
                      { $eq: ["$$this.userId", updateDoc.userId] },
                      uodateDoc,
                      {}
                    ]
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          },
          { $concatArrays: ["$myarray", [uodateDoc]] }
        ]
      }
    }
  }]
)

Playground

Answer 5

I haven't found any solutions based on a one atomic query. Instead there are 3 ways based on a sequence of two queries:

1. always $pull (to remove the item from array), then $push (to add the updated item to array)

   db.collection.update(
                  { _id : ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408")},
                  { $pull: {"myarray.userId": ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035")}}
   )
   
   db.collection.update(
                  { _id : ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408")},
                  {
                    $push: {
                             "myarray": {
                                         userId:ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"),
                                         point: 10
                                        }
                            }
                   }
   )
   

2. try to $set (to update the item in array if exists), then get the result and check if the updating operation successed or if a $push needs (to insert the item)

   var result = db.collection.update(
       {
          _id : ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408"),
         "myarray.userId": ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035")
       },
       {
          $set: {"myarray.$.point": {point: 10}}
       }
    );
   
   if(!result.nMatched){
          db.collection.update({_id: ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408")},
                               {
                                 $addToSet: {
                                              myarray: {
                                                 userId: ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"),
                                                 point: 10
                                             }
                               }
          );
   

3. always $addToSet (to add the item if not exists), then always $set to update the item in array

      db.collection.update({_id: ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408")},
                            myarray: { $not: { $elemMatch: {userId: ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035")} } } },
                           { 
                              $addToSet : {
                                            myarray: {
                                                       userId: ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"),
                                                       point: 10
                                                      }
                                           }
                            },
                           { multi: false, upsert: false});
   
      db.collection.update({
                             _id: ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408"),
                              "myArray.userId": ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035")
                           },
                           { $set : { myArray.$.point: 10 } },
                           { multi: false, upsert: false});
   

1st and 2nd way are unsafe, so transaction must be established to avoid two concurrent requests could push the same item generating a duplicate.

3rd way is safer. the $addToSet adds only if the item doesn't exist, otherwise nothing happens. In case of two concurrent requests, only one of them adds the missing item to the array.

Answer 6

When you want update or insert value in array try it

Object in db

key:name,
key1:name1,
arr:[
    {
        val:1,
        val2:1
    }
]

Query

var query = {
    $inc:{
        "arr.0.val": 2,
        "arr.0.val2": 2
    }
}
.updateOne( { "key": name }, query, { upsert: true }

key:name,
key1:name1,
arr:[
    {
        val:3,
        val2:3
    }
]

Answer 7

In MongoDB 3.6 it is now possible to upsert elements in an array.

Answer 8

array update and create don't mix in under one query, if you care much about atomicity then there's this solution:

normalise your schema to,

{
    "_id" : ObjectId("57315ba4846dd82425ca2408"),
    userId : ObjectId("570ca5e48dbe673802c2d035"),
    point : 5
}