Elixir - Call method on module by String-name

20

votes

I'm pretty new to Elixir and functional programming-languages in general.

In Elixir, I want to call one specific function on Modules, given the Module name as String.

I've got the following (very bad) code working, which pretty much does what I want to:

module_name = elem(elem(Code.eval_file("module.ex", __DIR__), 0), 1)
apply(module_name, :helloWorld, [])

This (at least as I understand it) compiles the (already compiled) module of module.ex in the current directory. I'm extracting the modules name (not as a String, don't know what data-type it actually is) out of the two tuples and run the method helloWorld on it.

There are two problems with this code:

It prints a warning like redefining module Balance. I certainly don't want that to happen in production.
AFAIK this code compiles module.ex. But as module.ex is already compiled and loaded, it don't want that to happen.

I don't need to call methods on these modules by filename, the module-name would be ok too. But it does have to by dynamic, eg. entering "Book" at the command line should, after a check whether the module exists, call the function Book.helloWorld.

Thanks.

dynamicmoduleloadelixir

22

votes

Well, thats where asking helps: You'll figure it out yourself the minute you ask. ;)

Just using apply(String.to_existing_atom("Elixir.Module"), :helloWorld, []) now. (maybe the name "Module" isn't allowed, don't know)

11

votes

Note that you always need to prefix your modules with "Elixir."

defmodule Test do
  def test(text) do
    IO.puts("#{text}")
  end
end

apply(String.to_existing_atom("Elixir.Test"), :test, ["test"])

prints "test" and returns {:ok}

5

votes

Here is a simple explanation:

Assuming that you have a module like this:

defmodule MyNamespace.Printer do
  def print_hello(name) do
    IO.puts("Hello, #{name}!")
  end
end

Then you have a string that hold the module name that you can pass around in your application like this:

module_name = "Elixir.MyNamespace.Printer"

Whenever you receive the string module_name, you can instantiate a module and call functions on the module like this:

module = String.to_existing_atom(module_name)
module.print_hello("John")

It will print:

Hello, John!

Another way to dynamically call the function MyNamespace.Printer.print_hello/1 is:

print_hello_func = &module.print_hello/1
print_hello_func.("Jane")

It will print:

Hello, Jane!

Or if you want to have both module_name as atom and function_name as atom, and pass them around to be executed somewhere, you can write something like this:

a_module_name = :"Elixir.MyNamespace.Printer"
a_function_name = :print_hello

Then whenever you have a_module_name and a_function_name as atoms, you can call like this:

apply(a_module_name, a_function_name, ["Jackie"])

It will print

Hello, Jackie!

Of course you can pass module_name and function_name as strings and convert them to atoms later. Or you can pass module name as atom and function as a reference to function.

4

votes

Also note that the name of a module is an atom so doing String.to_existing_atom isn't usually needed. Consider this code:

defmodule T do
  def first([]), do: nil
  def first([h|t]), do: h
end

In this case you can simply do the apply in this fashion:

apply(T,:first,[[1,2,3]])
#=> 1

Or this example (List below is the Elixir List module):

apply(List,:first,[[1,2,3]]) 
#=> 1

I mean to say that if you know the name of the module, it's not necessary to pass it as a string and then convert the string to an existing atom. Simply use the name without quotation marks.

Elixir - Call method on module by String-name

4 Answers