By default, Z3 will look into your formula to determine which features and logics are required and it will then call a suitable solver/tactic. You can provide a (set-logic ...) command to steer it, or you can directly use one of those default tactics. For a list of SMT logics for which Z3 has custom tactics, see default_tactic.cpp. If none of them matches and no logic is selected, "smt" is the tactic that will be executed.
To see which tactics are run, add -v:10 to the command line, and Z3 will print the tactics names and statistics as they are being executed.
For this type of non-linear reals the "smt" tactic is not very strong and it will give up quickly and return "unknown". But, it isn't the default tactic for this type of problem; instead (after some preprocessing) it is the "nlsat" tactic that solves the problem, as called via the default tactic for QF_NRA (see qfnra.cpp).