I believe you have 2 options based on how this vanity URL actually functions:
1 = If the vanity URL is always accessed by clicking a link, you could write an onclick function for all links to the URL which fires a virtual pageview and sets the source, campaign and medium. something like this:
<script>
function trackpdf(){
ga('set', 'campaignName', 'pdf tracking');
ga('set', 'campaignSource', 'vanity url');
ga('set', 'campaignMedium', 'email');
ga('set', 'location', 'http://example.com/study');
ga('send', 'pageview')
}
</script>
<a href="http://example.com/study" onclick="trackpdf();">view pdf</a>
2 = If the vanity URL has some server side code sat behind it, you could use the measurement protocol to send a pageview. This would mean creating a valid GA HTTP request and sending it using server side code. Check out the Google Docs for more info.