The photo you've provided highlights "Google Sitelinks," a form of indented results that appear for searches where a particular domain is by far the leading result for the search you've conducted.
The most common situations where you will encounter these Sitelinks is when searching for branded terms.
Back in 2008 when this feature was released, it was with simple text links only and didn't include the descriptive copy underneath each of the indented, blue links. I covered this extensively in a blog post I wrote at the time.
Extracting from that a bit and adjusting some language given the 7 years since, here's how I would describe the functionality:
The first and most annoying is the fact about the Sitelinks program
is that it is an entirely automated system. You can’t click a
button or change a setting to enable Sitelinks.
If you want to have any influence at all on your Sitelinks, you’ll
want to get your site verified and included into your Google
Search Console account.
When Sitelinks do appear, they tend to be shown most frequently
based on your site's top landing pages. Leverage your analytics here
if possible to better understand what those pages may be.
Once Sitelinks begin to appear, you may not like one or more of the
results. In this case, you should leverage the "Demote a Sitelink"
option. This (and all controls of the Sitelinks program) are
available within Google Search Console by navigating to "Search
Appearance" and then "Sitelinks."
I hope this helps!