View selection formulas act on only one document at a time. They cannot perform lookups. They have no way to compare two documents. There is therefore no possible way for a view to identify duplicates.
A view can, as per the other answers, categorize documents based on common values. If there is a single field that is supposed to be unique across all documents, you can categorize on that field. That will give you a visualization of the duplicates, but it won't filter them in or out.
The only way for a view to filter duplicates - either to show only duplicates, or to exlude duplicates - would be if you run an agent that reads all documents, looks for those that are duplicates, and marks them with a special field value - e.g., IsDuplicate = 1. Once you do that, you can create a view that selects all documents with IsDuplicated = 1, or a view that excludes IsDuplicated = 1.