First, let's ensure we are using the correct method:
As per the docs at https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/office365/howto/groups-rest-operations, ensure that you are using this method :
List all files and folders
Get a list of all of the immediate files and folders in a group.
Required scope: Group.Read.All
GET https://graph.microsoft.com/{version}/{tenant}/groups('{groupId}')/files
Response
Returns the children collection of files and folders in the group, if successful. Note that this doesn't return the children of the immediate folders in the group.
Sample request
GET https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/contoso.com/groups('c75831bd-fad3-4191-9a66-280a48528679')/files
Second, Let's rule out some peculiarities of the API Preview/Beta mode:
Please review and validate the following 3 caveats against your testing scenario https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/office/office365/howto/office-365-rest-api-release-notes :
No instant access to content after creation
Unified groups can be created immediately through a POST on the group
entity. However, for a unified group that is created through the
unified API, access to the associated content will not be readily
available. Apps will be able to start adding content to the group
(files, conversations, and events) after a set period of time, as
follows:
For conversations and events, up to 40 minutes after group creation
For files, up to 24 hours after group creation
Until that time, attempts to update the unified group with content
will result in a 500 HTTP error response. For proof-of-concept
applications that are using the Office 365 unified APIs, we recommend
that you use Outlook or Outlook Web App to create unified group if
immediate access to the content is required.
Policy
Using the Office 365 unified APIs to create and name a unified group
bypasses any unified group policies that are configured through
Outlook Web App. For proof-of-concept applications that use the Office
365 unified APIs, we recommend that you use Outlook or Outlook Web App
to create unified groups.
Permission scopes
The Office 365 unified API exposes two permission scopes for unified
groups:
Group.Read.All
Group.ReadWrite.All
These scopes provide access to group management functions (enumerating
groups, enumerating group members) as well as access to content in the
group (conversations and events). However, in order to access files in
a unified group, you must also request the Sites.Read.All or
Site.ReadWrite.All permission scope. For more information about these
permission scopes, see Get started with Office 365 unified API
(preview).
Finally, check if there's anything different about the Group you are querying against
If you review the Group in Graph Explorer, do you see any differences in the group metadata between it and Groups elsewhere and outside of your testing tenancy? There may be a smoking gun property that stands out.