You can use the tfs-cli node package to invoke builds from the commandline. After installign it, you can use it from a normal commandline in Windows, given that the Node\bin directory is added to your path environment variable.
Syntax:
tfx build queue --arg1 arg1val1 arg1val2[...] --arg2 arg2val1 arg2val2[...]
Command: queue
Queue a build.
Arguments:
--project Project name.
--definition-id Identifies a build definition.
--definition-name Name of a Build Definition.
Global server command arguments:
--auth-type Method of authentication ('pat' or 'basic').
--username Username to use for basic authentication.
--password Password to use for basic authentication.
--token Personal access token.
--service-url URL to the service you will connect to, e.g. https://youraccount.visualstudio.com/DefaultCollection.
--fiddler Set up the fiddler proxy for HTTP requests (for debugging purposes).
--proxy Use the specified proxy server for HTTP traffic.
Global arguments:
--help Get help for any command.
--save Save arguments for the next time a command in this command group is run.
--no-prompt Do not prompt the user for input (instead, raise an error).
--output Method to use for output. Options: friendly, json, clipboard.
--json Alias for --output json.
To see more commands, type tfx build --help
Invoke-RestMethodand TFS REST API - Yan Sklyarenko