The following code should be able to help you collect this data in a single dataframe.
Please note that more than 1 type of variable cannot be captured in the query i.e. at a time, only one of the 1/7/14/28/30 day users can be queried.
At any given point in this on a particular date, the data will be rolled up i.e. If you observe 14 day User data on say 15th of the month then it will be unique users from 1st to 14th. for 16th this will be from 2nd to 15th and so on.
Hope this helps. R Code:
unique_1dayUser_data<-google_analytics(ga_id_raw,date_range=c(start_date,end_date),metrics=c("1dayUsers"),dimensions=c("date"))
unique_7dayUser_data<-google_analytics(ga_id_raw,date_range=c(start_date,end_date),metrics=c("7dayUsers"),dimensions=c("date"))
unique_14dayUser_data<-google_analytics(ga_id_raw,date_range=c(start_date,end_date),metrics=c("14dayUsers"),dimensions=c("date"))
unique_28dayUser_data<-google_analytics(ga_id_raw,date_range=c(start_date,end_date),metrics=c("28dayUsers"),dimensions=c("date"))
unique_30dayUser_data<-google_analytics(ga_id_raw,date_range=c(start_date,end_date),metrics=c("30dayUsers"),dimensions=c("date"))
unique_user_data<-cbind(unique_1dayUser_data,unique_7dayUser_data$`7dayUsers`,unique_14dayUser_data$`14dayUsers`,
unique_28dayUser_data$`28dayUsers`,unique_30dayUser_data$`30dayUsers`)
colnames(unique_user_data)<-c("Date","1 Day users","7 Day users","14 Day users","28 Day users","30 Day users")