I have a Unity 2D project with a fixed screen size of 800x450 pixels. I have imported a background image that is also 800x450 pixels. When placed on the stage, the image only takes up half of the screen. The scale of the image is set to 1,1. The Z position is 0.
Why is the image displayed too small? How can I display the image at the correct resolution?

Does this mean that I have to design all my game assets at 2x the required size? Or that I somehow have to set the scale for all imported assets at 2? What is the recommended workflow?
EDIT
I have added a screenshot of the camera settings:
