You want to use the defaultView property. This sets, as specified in the docs, the initial view when the calendar loads. The specific view you want is agendaWeek (list of available views).
So when you initialize your calendar, you'll put defaultView: 'agendaWeek'.
Example:
$('#fullCal').fullCalendar({
events: [{
title: 'Random Event 1',
start: moment().add(-4, 'h'),
end: moment().add(-2, 'h'),
allDay: false
}, {
title: 'Random Event 2',
start: moment().add(1, 'h'),
end: moment().add(2, 'h'),
allDay: false
}, {
title: 'Random Event 3',
start: moment().add(6, 'h'),
end: moment().add(8, 'h'),
allDay: false
}],
header: {
left: '',
center: 'prev title next today',
right: ''
},
timezone: 'local',
defaultView: 'agendaWeek' /* this is the line you need */
});
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/moment.js/2.8.3/moment.min.js"></script>
<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fullcalendar/2.1.1/fullcalendar.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fullcalendar/2.1.1/fullcalendar.min.js"></script>
<div id="fullCal"></div>