There's a Microsoft Connect issue regarding the "corrupt installation (code 0x80040154)" error. It's for VS 2012 but maybe you're running into the same issue even though you have VS 2013, in which case simply repairing VS does not fix the problem.
The OP of the Connect issue said that he fixed the problem by completely uninstalling VS and removing all remnants of it, then reinstalling VS. The steps are:
Uninstall Visual Studio.
Remove these keys from the registry:
Visual Studio 2012:
HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0
HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0_Config
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0_Config
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0_Config
Visual Studio 2013:
HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0
HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0_Config
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0_Config
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0_Config
- Remove these directories:
Visual Studio 2012:
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 11.0
C:\Users\UserName\Documents\Visual Studio 2012
C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Local\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0
C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0
Visual Studio 2013:
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0
C:\Users\UserName\Documents\Visual Studio 2013
C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Local\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0
C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\VisualStudio\12.0
Restart the computer.
Reinstall Visual Studio.
(I read elsewhere on the internet that it could be related to 32/64 bit incompatibilities, and perhaps that is the true cause in your case, but I'm inclined to think that VS got corrupted when you installed IIS Express.)