I have had problems in the past where my umbraco installation has hung on the install screen like you describe. In my experience this seems to occur when there is a full connectionString specified e.g. if you have the following already specified in your web.config then it tends to fall over
<connectionStrings>
<remove name="umbracoDbDSN" />
<add name="umbracoDbDSN" connectionString="server=LOCALHOST;database=my_db;user id=my_user;password=my_password" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>
but if the connectionstring has not been configured e.g.
<connectionStrings>
<remove name="umbracoDbDSN" />
<add name="umbracoDbDSN" connectionString="" providerName="" />
<!-- Important: If you're upgrading Umbraco, do not clear the connection string / provider name during your web.config merge. -->
</connectionStrings>
It should work ok for you. Let me know if this helps.