According to the official doc:
Instances with shared-core machine types are limited to a maximum of 16 persistent disks.
For custom machine types or predefined machine types that have a minimum of 1 vCPU, you can attach up to 128 persistent disks.
Each persistent disk can be up to 64 TB in size, so there is no need to manage arrays of disks to create large logical volumes. Each instance can attach only a limited amount of total persistent disk space and a limited number of individual persistent disks. Predefined machine types and custom machine types have the same persistent disk limits.
Most instances can have up to 64 TB of total persistent disk space attached. Shared-core machine types are limited to 3 TB of total persistent disk space. Total persistent disk space for an instance includes the size of the boot persistent disk.