My other answer was a misreading of the question, but I'll leave it there in case someone else misreads the question in the same way.
To find the bounding box of the visual area of your map on screen, simply use the projection.invert() function and feed it the top-left and bottom-right corners of your SVG. If you have a 500x500 SVG, then that looks like this:
projection.invert([0,0])
projection.invert([500,500])
This is a bounding box of your screen, in lat-long (or whatever coordinate system you're using).
After that, you can get the bounds of your features and test to see if they are fully-contained or intersecting or have their centroid within those bounds. I'm not going to explain how to do that here, because that's a different question with many different answers depending on which definition of "within these bounds" you decide on.