The answer to the question you posed is yes - there's trace facility (strmqtrc -t detail -t all, recreate, endmqtrc, then look in the mqdata\trace directory at the files noting that on unix you need to dspmqtrc *.TRC first to produce readable FMT files). However, thats almost certainly far too much information for what you need.
If you have a channel that wont start, look at the queue manager error logs first (amqerr0*.log in the mqdata\qmgrs\qmgrname\errors), on BOTH sides, and then at the global errors directory (again, both sides).
Generally speaking a sender channel is configured with a transmit queue where it gets the messages off, which obviously needs to exist. I would hope the amqerr0* errors file would give you enough to pin that down. You may also want to play with configuring a dead letter queue to both ends, so if the message cannot be put somewhere it can end up on there, prefixed with a header to say why. If you do this, use MQExplorer to browse the dead letter queue as I believe it expands the header for you (from memory)