It looks like the launchd.conf
does not load my environment variable anymore.
Has anyone else noticed that?
Is there another solution to permanently set environment variables?
Create an environment.plist
file in ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
with this content:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>my.startup</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>sh</string>
<string>-c</string>
<string>
launchctl setenv PRODUCTS_PATH /Users/mortimer/Projects/my_products
launchctl setenv ANDROID_NDK_HOME /Applications/android-ndk
launchctl setenv PATH $PATH:/Applications/gradle/bin
</string>
</array>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
</dict>
</plist>
You can add many launchctl
commands inside the <string></string>
block.
The plist
will activate after system reboot. You can also use launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/environment.plist
to launch it immediately.
[Edit]
The same solution works in El Capitan too.
Xcode 7.0+ doesn't evaluate environment variables by default. The old behaviour can be enabled with this command:
defaults write com.apple.dt.Xcode UseSanitizedBuildSystemEnvironment -bool NO
[Edit]
There a couple of situations where this doesn't quite work. If the computer is restarted and "Reopen windows when logging back in" is selected, the reopened windows may not see the variables (Perhaps they are opened before the agent is run). Also, if you log in via ssh, the variables will not be set (so you'll need to set them in ~/.bash_profile). Finally, this doesn't seem to work for PATH on El Capitan and Sierra. That needs to be set via 'launchctl config user path ...' and in /etc/paths.
[Original answer]: You can still use launchctl setenv variablename value
to set a variable so that is picked up by all applications (graphical applications started via the Dock or Spotlight, in addition to those started via the terminal).
Obviously you will not want to do this every time you login.
[Edit]: To avoid this, launch AppleScript Editor
, enter a command like this:
do shell script "launchctl setenv variablename value"
(Use multiple lines if you want to set multiple variables)
Now save (⌘
+s
) as File format: Application. Finally open System Settings
→ Users & Groups → Login Items and add your new application.
[Original answer]: To work around this place all the variables you wish to define in a short shell script, then have a look at this previous answer about how to run a script on MacOS login. That way the the script will be invoked when the user logs in.
[Edit]: Neither solution is perfect as the variables will only be set for that specific user but I am hoping/guessing that may be all you require.
If you do have multiple users you could either manually set a Login Item for each of them or place a copy of com.user.loginscript.plist in each of their local Library/LaunchAgents directories, pointing at the same shell script.
Granted, neither of these workarounds is as convenient as /etc/launchd.conf.
[Further Edit]: A user below mentions that this did not work for him. However I have tested on multiple Yosemite machines and it does work for me. If you are having a problem, remember that you will need to restart applications for this to take effect. Additionally if you set variables in the terminal via ~/.profile or ~/.bash_profile, they will override things set via launchctl setenv for applications started from the shell.
It is possible to set environment variables on Mac OS X 10.10 Yosemite with 3 files + 2 commands.
Main file with environment variables definition:
$ ls -la /etc/environment
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 369 Oct 21 04:42 /etc/environment
$ cat /etc/environment
#!/bin/sh
set -e
syslog -s -l warn "Set environment variables with /etc/environment $(whoami) - start"
launchctl setenv JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.7
launchctl setenv MAVEN_HOME /opt/local/share/java/maven3
if [ -x /usr/libexec/path_helper ]; then
export PATH=""
eval `/usr/libexec/path_helper -s`
launchctl setenv PATH $PATH
fi
osascript -e 'tell app "Dock" to quit'
syslog -s -l warn "Set environment variables with /etc/environment $(whoami) - complete"
Service definition to load environment variables for user applications (terminal, IDE, ...):
$ ls -la /Library/LaunchAgents/environment.user.plist
-rw------- 1 root wheel 504 Oct 21 04:37 /Library/LaunchAgents/environment.user.plist
$ sudo cat /Library/LaunchAgents/environment.user.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>environment.user</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/etc/environment</string>
</array>
<key>KeepAlive</key>
<false/>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
<key>WatchPaths</key>
<array>
<string>/etc/environment</string>
</array>
</dict>
</plist>
The same service definition for root user applications:
$ ls -la /Library/LaunchDaemons/environment.plist
-rw------- 1 root wheel 499 Oct 21 04:38 /Library/LaunchDaemons/environment.plist
$ sudo cat /Library/LaunchDaemons/environment.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>environment</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/etc/environment</string>
</array>
<key>KeepAlive</key>
<false/>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
<key>WatchPaths</key>
<array>
<string>/etc/environment</string>
</array>
</dict>
</plist>
And finally we should register these services:
$ launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchAgents/environment.user.plist
$ sudo launchctl load -w /Library/LaunchDaemons/environment.plist
What we get:
Issues / problems:
In order your env variables were correctly taken by applications after system reboot you will need:
This happens due to Apple denies explicit ordering of loaded services, so env variables are registered in parallel with processing of the "reopen queue".
But actually, I reboot my system only several times per year (on big updates), so it is not a big deal.
Cited from
Apple Developer Relations
10-Oct-2014 09:12 PM
After much deliberation, engineering has removed this feature. The file
/etc/launchd.conf
was intentionally removed for security reasons. As a workaround, you could runlaunchctl limit
as root early during boot, perhaps from aLaunchDaemon
. (...)
Solution:
Put code in to
/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.launchd.limit.plist
by bash-script:
#!/bin/bash
echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>eicar</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/bin/launchctl</string>
<string>limit</string>
<string>core</string>
<string>unlimited</string>
</array>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
<key>ServiceIPC</key>
<false/>
</dict>
</plist>' | sudo tee /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.launchd.limit.plist
Here are the commands to restore the old behavior:
# create a script that calls launchctl iterating through /etc/launchd.conf
echo '#!/bin/sh
while read line || [[ -n $line ]] ; do launchctl $line ; done < /etc/launchd.conf;
' > /usr/local/bin/launchd.conf.sh
# make it executable
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/launchd.conf.sh
# launch the script at startup
echo '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>launchd.conf</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>sh</string>
<string>-c</string>
<string>/usr/local/bin/launchd.conf.sh</string>
</array>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
</dict>
</plist>
' > /Library/LaunchAgents/launchd.conf.plist
Now you can specify commands like setenv JAVA_HOME /Library/Java/Home
in /etc/launchd.conf
.
Checked on El Capitan.
What did work for me (inspired from aax' thanks) :
Paste this into /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.launchd.limit.plist then reboot :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Label</key>
<string>eicar</string>
<key>ProgramArguments</key>
<array>
<string>/bin/launchctl</string>
<string>limit</string>
<string>maxfiles</string>
<string>16384</string>
<string>16384</string>
</array>
<key>RunAtLoad</key>
<true/>
<key>ServiceIPC</key>
<false/>
</dict>
</plist>
If you need it step by step :
⌘+v
). This will force the limit to 16384 files per process and 16384 files totalesc
then :wq
I hope this helped you.
You can give https://github.com/ersiner/osx-env-sync a try. It handles both command line and GUI apps from a single source and works withe the latest version of OS X (Yosemite).
You can use path substitutions and other shell tricks since what you write is regular bash script to be sourced by bash in the first place. No restrictions.. (Check osx-env-sync documentation and you'll understand how it achieves this.)
I answered a similar question here where you'll find more.
I added the variables in the ~/.bash_profile in the following way. After you are done restart/log out and log in
export M2_HOME=/Users/robin/softwares/apache-maven-3.2.3
export ANT_HOME=/Users/robin/softwares/apache-ant-1.9.4
launchctl setenv M2_HOME $M2_HOME
launchctl setenv ANT_HOME $ANT_HOME
export PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/Users/robin/softwares/apache-maven-3.2.3/bin:/Users/robin/softwares/apache-ant-1.9.4/bin
launchctl setenv PATH $PATH
NOTE: without restart/log out and log in you can apply these changes using;
source ~/.bash_profile