Introduction
I'm a bit new to Drupal, so I'm still trying to wrap my head around how all the different ways of implementing dynamic content work. Let me explain my desired end state and explain some methods I have tried. Also, I'm using Drupal 7.
Desired end state
I want a page that pulls a context argument from the URL to display content (level 1) based on the Taxonomy Term ID in the URL. On this page, fields from the selected content node are displayed and a view displays associated sub-content (level 2) in a grid of icons. When one of the sub-content (level 2) icons are clicked, another region of the page updates with fields from the sub-content (level 2) node that match the icon selected. This pane should update with AJAX to prevent page reloads.
Current design
What I have so far is a PAGE that uses contextual filters to pass the Taxonomy Term ID as an argument in the URL to display the correct page content. This works.
To this page, I have added a panel for the content (level 1) I want to display. Additionally, I added a VIEW panel that displays only the sub-content (level 2) icons associated with the content (level 1). This works.
Attempted solutions
I am at a loss for how to display the NODE content for the selected sub-content (level 2) icon. I made a PAGE with the appropriate arguments to display exactly what I want. The intention being that I would add the PAGE as a panel to the existing PAGE and pass the arguments to this PAGE by rewriting the icon linking and setting the target parameter. I have not found a way to embed a page within a page.
My next thought was to create a VIEW that used contextual filters to display only the NODE content for the selected sub-content, but I haven't found a way to pass the contextual filters from a click of the icon to the VIEW.
Conclusion
I'm sure there are many ways to do this, but I am looking for the least invasive way. What I mean by that, is that I'm looking for a method using existing techniques within panels, panelizer, views, etc. if it exists. As a last resort, any custom code modifications would have to be contained within a module for ease of maintenance. I'm not exactly sure what I'm looking for because the terminology for everything in Drupal is still confusing to me, but some pointers in the right direction would be great.
Here's a mockup of what I'm describing: