This is a layer, and the names for things are slightly different from views. Having a look at CALayer, what these mean becomes clear pretty quickly.
p = position
b = bounds
a = anchorPoint
Also, if you print the backing layer out directly in LLVM, you get a much more verbose description of the layer's current properties:
(lldb) po 0x6080000c5550
<SCNBackingLayer:0x6080000c5550; position = CGPoint (0 0); bounds = CGRect (0 0; 480 360); delegate = <SCNView: 0x100e03070 | scene=(null) sceneTime=0.000000 frame={{0, 0}, {480, 360}} pointOfView=(null)>; sublayers = (<AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer: 0x608000026420>, <SCNBackingLayer: 0x6100000c2450>); opaque = YES; masksToBounds = YES; backgroundFilters = (
); filters = (
); shadowColor = (null); anchorPoint = CGPoint (0 0); NS_view = <SCNView: 0x100e03070 | scene=(null) sceneTime=0.000000 frame={{0, 0}, {480, 360}} pointOfView=(null)>>
For posterity, I should also point out that the other letters (AFOW etc.) are defined at the bottom of _subtreeDescription's output.