Pretty simple, you can set permissions on the shared folder as all and you can set permission on the database file..
Here i'll show you how to do that on a folder and the same goes on for one file, but if you set permissions on the folder, you no longer need to set the permissions on the database file, since it's in the folder.
I'll assume you've already shared the folder with "everyone"
1- Left Click on the folder --> Properties
2- Click on the security tab --> Select "Everyone" --> Click Advanced
3- Click change permissions (For "Everyone" group)
4- Click Edit (For "Everyone" group)
5- Check All boxes in "Allow" except Full Control, Delete subFolders And Files And Delete

6- CLick Ok and you're done, everyone can read/write from the database, but no one has right to delete it..
To do all this in vb.net, you need two commands, after sharing the folder, you can use .RemoveAccessRule to remove delete permission
This code does all this automatically, it shares with everyone (or whoever you want), and remove delete permissions for the folder
Imports System.Management
Imports System.Security.AccessControl
Imports System.IO
Imports System
Public Class Form1
Private Sub Form1_Load(sender As System.Object, e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
Try
Dim PermissionsList As New List(Of SharePermissionEntry)
'Create a new permission entry for the Everyone group and specify that we want to allow them Read access
Dim PermEveryone As New SharePermissionEntry(String.Empty, "Everyone", SharedFolder.SharePermissions.Read, True)
Dim PermUser As New SharePermissionEntry("", "Everyone", SharedFolder.SharePermissions.FullControl, True)
'Add the two entries declared above to our list
PermissionsList.Add(PermUser)
PermissionsList.Add(PermEveryone)
'Share the folder as "Test Share" and pass in the desired permissions list
Dim Result As SharedFolder.NET_API_STATUS = _
SharedFolder.ShareExistingFolder("Test Share", "This is a test share", "C:\Folder", PermissionsList)
Dim FolderPath As String = "C:\Folder" 'Specify the folder here
Dim UserAccount As String = "Everyone" 'Specify the user here
Dim FolderInfo As IO.DirectoryInfo = New IO.DirectoryInfo(FolderPath)
Dim FolderAcl As New DirectorySecurity
FolderAcl.AddAccessRule(New FileSystemAccessRule(UserAccount, FileSystemRights.FullControl, InheritanceFlags.ContainerInherit Or InheritanceFlags.ObjectInherit, PropagationFlags.None, AccessControlType.Allow))
FolderAcl.RemoveAccessRule(New FileSystemAccessRule(UserAccount, FileSystemRights.DeleteSubdirectoriesAndFiles, InheritanceFlags.ContainerInherit Or InheritanceFlags.ObjectInherit, PropagationFlags.None, AccessControlType.Allow))
FolderAcl.RemoveAccessRule(New FileSystemAccessRule(UserAccount, FileSystemRights.Delete, InheritanceFlags.ContainerInherit Or InheritanceFlags.ObjectInherit, PropagationFlags.None, AccessControlType.Allow))
FolderInfo.SetAccessControl(FolderAcl)
'Show the result
If Result = SharedFolder.NET_API_STATUS.NERR_Success Then
MessageBox.Show("Share created successfully!")
Else
MessageBox.Show("Share was not created as the following error was returned: " & Result.ToString)
End If
Catch ex As Exception
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
End Try
End Sub
End Class
Don't forget to add reference System.Management And System.Management.Instrumentation And Also Add these modules SharePermissionEntry.vb And SharedFolder.vb your project
That's all there is to it, Hope this helps!! For more Info, refer to Link And Link.