Unity 3D Mainly uses two Programming languages: C# and Javascript
Your Question is whether do you really need to know Java programming to develop games in Unity3D
The Answer would be a YES and a NO
Yes because, If you have already studied Java, Programming in C# would be a lot easier.
If you search the web, most of the post comparing C# and java says that C# is somewhat similar to Java aside from both of them being Object Oriented.
No because, although they are somewhat similar C# is another programming language that Evolve from Java and Developers and apps today mostly use C# in developing android Applications.
Here is a quote from one of Microsoft's Documentation:
Naturally, Java came before C#, and C# was not created in a vacuum. It is quite natural that C# learned from both the strengths and weaknesses of Java, just as Java learned from Objective-C, which learned from C. So, C# should be different than Java. If Java were perfect, then there would have been no reason to create C#. If C# is perfect, then there is no reason to create any new programming language. The job would then be done. However, the future is unclear, and both C# and Java are good object-oriented programming languages in the present, so they beg to be compared.
It is important to note that not everything can be covered here. The
subject matter is simply too large. The goal is to give enough
information so as to help managers and software developers make a
better-informed choice about which language to use in certain
situations. Maybe some little language quirk in C# may make someone
choose Java. Maybe some blemish in Java will influence someone to pick
C#. Either way, this document will attempt to dive deep enough into
details to dig up some hidden treasures that aid in our goal.
For a more in depth explanation, here is a Documentation on programming languages, comparing C# and Java
If you will be learning either C# or Javascript it is better to know what their differences are first.
Here is a post about Syntax differences in C# and Javascript
For in depth tutorials
here is an Ebook on Learning C# programming in Unity 3D. You can also visit Unity3D's website for their own collection of tutorials.