I got the same error message in Visual Studio 2015 and wanted to post a different solution in case it helps someone else. In my case, I had used Visual Studio's Performance Profiler to do some performance analysis. However, I never modified my code to add references to Microsoft.VisualStudio.Profiler.dll. When I copied my files to our test server, I received the error message.
I searched my code for "VSPerf110" but found nothing. Finally I tried using a separate search utility to search all files in the directory and found it: the string "VSPerf110.dll" was found in one of the compiled dlls, despite the fact that none of my code had changed.
To fix the issue, I deleted all my performance analysis output files (these are non-code files generated by Visual Studio), and did a Clean/Rebuild on the solution. After this, searching for the string "VSPerf110.dll" returned 0 results. When I copied the recompiled dlls to the test server, the error message went away.