Assuming your data looks like this:

The easiest way to do this is to create a Pivot Table based on Table5. In the Rows, add EmployeeLevel. In Data, add EmployeeLevel.

Change the data aggregation to Count
rather than sum. You will get something like this.

When you add a new item to Table5, all you need to do is update the PivotTable (right-click on the PivotTable and click update).
If you need to use formulas, the following is a workaround.
In Column C, add the following formula (given the below data, adjust to fit):
=--(COUNTIF($B$1:$B2,$B2)=1)
This will return a 1
for every unique value in the table.
Somewhere on the sheet (in my case F2), I added the following formula to count unique values:
=SUM(Table5[Unique Value])
In my sample data, there are 14.
I then copied the following formula from F3 down 20 rows (I used 20 because I don't have that many unique values -- you say your table is variable, so pick a number of rows higher than the amount of unique values you expect in the future):
{=IF(ROW(A1)<=F$2,SMALL(IF(Table5[Unique Value]=1,Table5[EmployeeLevel]),ROW(A1)),"")}
Note -- the curly braces are an array formula -- do not add them by hand, enter the formula without them and confirm with ctrl+shift+enter
This will result in the unique values in ascending order:
