You can create an upgrade script in one of your modules with this content:
$this->updateAttribute('customer', 'attribute_code_here', 'type', 'varchar'); //or any other type
Basically you can change any attribute from customers, categories & products like this;
$entityType = 'customer';//or catalog_category or catalog_product
$attributeCode = 'attribute_code_here';
$changeWhat = 'field_name_here';
$changeInto = 'new value here';
$this->updateAttribute($entityType, $attributeCode, $changeWhat, $changeInto);
To remove an attribute run this:
$this->removeAttribute('customer', 'attribute_code_here');
It follows the same rules as above.