CUDA: How many concurrent threads in total?

Question

I have a GeForce GTX 580, and I want to make a statement about the total number of threads that can (ideally) actually be run in parallel, to compare with 2 or 4 multi-core CPU's.

deviceQuery gives me the following possibly relevant information:

CUDA Capability Major/Minor version number:    2.0
(16) Multiprocessors x (32) CUDA Cores/MP:     512 CUDA 
Maximum number of threads per block:           1024

I think I heard that each CUDA core can run a warp in parallel, and that a warp is 32 threads. Would it be correct to say that the card can run 512*32 = 16384 threads in parallel then, or am I way off and the CUDA cores are somehow not really running in parallel?

To expand on what @CygnusX1 said, remember that SIMD is 128 (and now 256) bits wide. So for single precision, we could say that 1 CPU core looks like 8 GPU core, making a 10-core CPU look like an 80 core GPU. Note that Hyperthreading does not enjoy SIMD on both threads. Next, we have to consider the clock speed and work-per-clock advantage of the CPU core. So the only way to measure relative performance is with a workload. — IamIC

harrism harrism · Accepted Answer · 2011-06-27T09:29:00

The GTX 580 can have 16 * 48 concurrent warps (32 threads each) running at a time. That is 16 multiprocessors (SMs) * 48 resident warps per SM * 32 threads per warp = 24,576 threads.

Don't confuse concurrency and throughput. The number above is the maximum number of threads whose resources can be stored on-chip simultaneously -- the number that can be resident. In CUDA terms we also call this maximum occupancy. The hardware switches between warps constantly to help cover or "hide" the (large) latency of memory accesses as well as the (small) latency of arithmetic pipelines.

While each SM can have 48 resident warps, it can only issue instructions from a small number (on average between 1 and 2 for GTX 580, but it depends on the program instruction mix) of warps at each clock cycle.

So you are probably better off comparing throughput, which is determined by the available execution units and how the hardware is capable of performing multi-issue. On GTX580, there are 512 FMA execution units, but also integer units, special function units, memory instruction units, etc, which can be dual-issued to (i.e. issue independent instructions from 2 warps simultaneously) in various combinations.

Taking into account all of the above is too difficult, though, so most people compare on two metrics:

Peak GFLOP/s (which for GTX 580 is 512 FMA units * 2 flops per FMA * 1544e6 cycles/second = 1581.1 GFLOP/s (single precision))
Measured throughput on the application you are interested in.

The most important comparison is always measured wall-clock time on a real application.

CUDA: How many concurrent threads in total?

3 Answers