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Do IOT hub retains telemetry data. If yes for how long and how can we access that data in Azure portal? Can we export the telemetry data from IOT hub to excel ?

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IoT Hub exposes device to end users through an event hubs endpoint. Event Hubs has a retention time expressed in days. With IoT Hub the related retention time is 24 hours by default but you can change it.

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how can we access that data in Azure portal? Can we export the telemetry data from IOT hub to excel ?

This is quite a broad question and there are many ways to consume the messages in IoT Hub, but you cannot see it in the Portal and there is no built in way to export the data to Excel.

The closest official solution to Excel export I know is Set up continuous data export from Azure IoT Central to a Power BI app.

Do we have to route it storage unit to view data or IOT hub let us view those data

For an example how to route messages to blob storage please see Exercise - Create a message route to Azure blob storage which is part of Identify anomalies by routing data via IoT Hub to a built-in ML model in Azure Stream Analytics module from Securely connect IoT devices to the cloud.

Do IOT hub retains telemetry data. If yes for how long

The standard retention period is 1 day but can be extended to 7 days.


BTW. If you wish to monitor events as they come in, for testing, you could use Azure CLI's az iot hub monitor-events command.

az extension add --name azure-iot
az iot hub monitor-events -n <IoT-Hub-Name>