Solution
After taking a further look to your question, I found out I could use the Blob onject you get from the form image to create a drive file which then can be used to get its webContentLink
url to be used in the web app using the Drive API.
To be able to use the Drive API in your Apps Scrip script please, in your script editor go to Resources -> Advanced Cloud Services and enable the Drive API in the dialog that will pop up.
This is the piece of code I have used for achieving what you aimed for with self explanatory comments (this is a simplified web app that only focuses on achieving your purpose):
Code.gs file
// Apps SCript function to serve the HTML file in the web
function doGet() {
return HtmlService.createHtmlOutputFromFile('test');
}
// Function to be called in the HTML that returns the URL to be used by the image tag
function getUrl() {
var form = FormApp.getActiveForm();
// Get image blob
var image = form.getItems()[0].asImageItem().getImage().getAs('image/jpeg');
// Use the image blob for creating a new drive file
var file = DriveApp.createFile(image);
// Use the Drive API get method to get the property webContentLink which will return the link
// of the image to be used in a website
var fileURL = Drive.Files.get(file.getId()).webContentLink;
return fileURL;
}
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<base target="_top">
</head>
<body id="body">
<h1>MY IMAGE</h1>
<script>
// Get what our function getURL returns
google.script.run.withSuccessHandler(function(URL) {
// Create HTML image tag
var img = document.createElement('img');
// Set its source to our file's sharable URL
img.src = URL;
// Attach image element to the body
document.getElementById('body').appendChild(img);
}).getURL();
</script>
</body>
</html>
I hope this has helped you. Let me know if you need anything else or if you did not understood something. :)