In Azure App Service, the Outbound IP Address do not correspond to any specific Web App. They are tied to the data centre and shared by all the apps on that data centre.
So all the sites running on that specific data centre will have the same Outbound IP Address.
There is no way to trace back to the web app using the IP. You may be able to trace it back to the specific data centre, but not the originating web app.
UPDATE
Your site on the same data centre can have different list of Outbound IP Addresses. A data centre is a logical unit, which is comprised of several physical units. For example, West Europe is a logical entity which is comprised of several physical data centres. This approach is used to scale the data centres. See this article: Inside Azure App Service Architecutre
On one scale unit (physical DC) several thousands of sites are running and you might be seeing the Outbound IP address of that specific scale unit.
Also, if you have all the apps inside the same app service plan, then their Outbound IP Address will always be the same.
If you ping the default name of the web app you will know the actual scale unit as shown below