What is the maximum length of a valid email address? Is it defined by any standard?
1085
votes
What kind of email address? Internet, X.400, or other?
– Toby Speight
Note that the length limit your app should impose for email addresses might not be the same as the theoretical maximum (which is longer than this whole comment). Other answers discuss that question, e.g.: stackoverflow.com/questions/1297272
– MGOwen
8 Answers
1309
votes
An email address must not exceed 254 characters.
This was accepted by the IETF following submitted erratum. A full diagnosis of any given address is available online. The original version of RFC 3696 described 320 as the maximum length, but John Klensin subsequently accepted an incorrect value, since a Path is defined as
Path = "<" [ A-d-l ":" ] Mailbox ">"
So the Mailbox element (i.e., the email address) has angle brackets around it to form a Path, which a maximum length of 254 characters to restrict the Path length to 256 characters or fewer.
The maximum length specified in RFC 5321 states:
The maximum total length of a reverse-path or forward-path is 256 characters.
RFC 3696 was corrected here.
People should be aware of the errata against RFC 3696 in particular. Three of the canonical examples are in fact invalid addresses.
I've collated a couple hundred test addresses, which you can find at http://www.dominicsayers.com/isemail
48
votes
320
And the segments look like this
{64}@{255}
64 + 1 + 255 = 320
You should also read this if you are validating emails
http://haacked.com/archive/2007/08/21/i-knew-how-to-validate-an-email-address-until-i.aspx
25
votes
user
The maximum total length of a user name is 64 characters.
domain
Maximum of 255 characters in the domain part (the one after the “@”)
However, there is a restriction in RFC 2821 reading:
The maximum total length of a reverse-path or forward-path is 256 characters, including the punctuation and element separators”. Since addresses that don’t fit in those fields are not normally useful, the upper limit on address lengths should normally be considered to be 256, but a path is defined as: Path = “<” [ A-d-l “:” ] Mailbox “>” The forward-path will contain at least a pair of angle brackets in addition to the Mailbox, which limits the email address to 254 characters.
21
votes
To help the confused rookies like me, the answer to "What is the maximum length of a valid email address?" is 254 characters.
If your application uses an email, just set your field to accept 254 characters or less and you are good to go.
You can run a bunch of tests on an email to see if it is valid here. http://isemail.info/
The RFC, or Request for Comments is a type of publication from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that defines 254 characters as the limit. Located here - https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-4.5.3
19
votes
According to the below article:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3696 (Page 6, Section 3)
It's mentioned that:
"There is a length limit on email addresses. That limit is a maximum of 64 characters (octets) in the "local part" (before the "@") and a maximum of 255 characters (octets) in the domain part (after the "@") for a total length of 320 characters. Systems that handle email should be prepared to process addresses which are that long, even though they are rarely encountered."
So, the maximum total length for an email address is 320 characters ("local part": 64 + "@": 1 + "domain part": 255 which sums to 320)
17
votes
0
votes
Sadly, all the other answers are wrong. Most of them cite RFC 2821 or newer, which does not even define e-mail addresses. What it does do is define paths. E-mail addresses are defined by RFC 2822 (or newer) and can be much longer. Examples of valid addresses that are not valid paths are:
(Firstname Lastname) user@domain
Firstname Lastname <user@domain>
Both of these are the same mailbox written differently. So if your goal is to store e-mail addresses in a database, a limit of 254, 256 or 320 octets might be too low, although in practise, this is rarely going to be a problem.
0
votes
TLDR Answer
Given an email address like...
[email protected]
The length limits are as follows:
- Entire Email Address (aka: "The Path"): i.e., [email protected] --
256characters maximum. - Local-Part: i.e., me --
64character maximum. - Domain: i.e., example.com --
254characters maximum.
Source — TLDR;
The RFC standards are constantly evolving, but if you want a 2009 IETF source in a single line:
...the upper limit on address lengths should normally be considered to be 256. (Source: RFC3696.)
Source — The History
SMTP originally defined what a path was in RFC821, published August 1982, which is an official Internet Standard (most RFC's are only proposals). To quote it...
...a reverse-path, specifies who the mail is from.
...a forward-path, which specifies who the mail is to.
RFC2821, published in April 2001, is the Obsoleted Standard that defined our present maximum values for local-parts, domains, and paths. A new Draft Standard, RFC5321, published in October 2008, keeps the same limits. In between these two dates, RFC3696 was published, on February 2004. It mistakenly cites the maximum email address limit as 320-characters, but this document is "Informational" only, and states: "This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind." So, we can disregard it.
To quote RFC2821, the modern, accepted standard as confirmed in RFC5321...
4.5.3.1.1. Local-part
The maximum total length of a user name or other local-part is 64 characters.
4.5.3.1.2. Domain
The maximum total length of a domain name or number is 255 characters.
4.5.3.1.3. Path
The maximum total length of a reverse-path or forward-path is 256 characters (including the punctuation and element separators).
You'll notice that I indicate a domain maximum of 254 and the RFC indicates a domain maximum of 255. It's a matter of simple arithmetic. A 255-character domain, plus the "@" sign, is a 256-character path, which is the max path length. An empty or blank name is invalid, though, so the domain actually has a maximum of 254.
