How to remove old Docker containers

Question

This question is related to Should I be concerned about excess, non-running, Docker containers?.

I'm wondering how to remove old containers. The docker rm 3e552code34a lets you remove a single one, but I have lots already. docker rm --help doesn't give a selection option (like all, or by image name).

Maybe there is a directory in which these containers are stored where I can delete them easily manually?

Answer 1

Since Docker 1.13.x you can use Docker container prune:

docker container prune

This will remove all stopped containers and should work on all platforms the same way.

There is also a Docker system prune:

docker system prune

which will clean up all unused containers, networks, images (both dangling and unreferenced), and optionally, volumes, in one command.

---

For older Docker versions, you can string Docker commands together with other Unix commands to get what you need. Here is an example on how to clean up old containers that are weeks old:

$ docker ps --filter "status=exited" | grep 'weeks ago' | awk '{print $1}' | xargs --no-run-if-empty docker rm

To give credit, where it is due, this example is from https://twitter.com/jpetazzo/status/347431091415703552.

Answer 2

Another method, which I got from Guillaume J. Charmes (credit where it is due):

docker rm `docker ps --no-trunc -aq`

will remove all containers in an elegant way.

And by Bartosz Bilicki, for Windows:

FOR /f "tokens=*" %i IN ('docker ps -a -q') DO docker rm %i

For PowerShell:

docker rm @(docker ps -aq)

---

An update with Docker 1.13 (Q4 2016), credit to VonC (later in this thread):

docker system prune will delete ALL unused data (i.e., in order: containers stopped, volumes without containers and images with no containers).

See PR 26108 and commit 86de7c0, which are introducing a few new commands to help facilitate visualizing how much space the Docker daemon data is taking on disk and allowing for easily cleaning up "unneeded" excess.

docker system prune

WARNING! This will remove:
    - all stopped containers
    - all volumes not used by at least one container
    - all images without at least one container associated to them
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y

Answer 3

Updated Answer Use docker system prune or docker container prune now. See VonC's updated answer.

Previous Answer Composing several different hints above, the most elegant way to remove all non-running containers seems to be:

docker rm $(docker ps -q -f status=exited)

• -q prints just the container ids (without column headers)
• -f allows you to filter your list of printed containers (in this case we are filtering to only show exited containers)

Answer 4

The official way is:

docker rm `docker ps -aq`

The Docker maintainers have indicated there will be no command for this - and you compose the commands like that:

We have discussed this before and prefer users to use the above line without having to add additional code to Docker.

Answer 5

With Docker 1.13 (Q4 2016), you now have:

docker system prune -a will delete ALL unused data (i.e., in order: containers stopped, volumes without containers and images with no containers).

docker system prune without -a will remove (for images) only dangling images, or images without a tag, as commented by smilebomb.

See PR 26108 and commit 86de7c0, which are introducing a few new commands to help facilitate visualizing how much space the Docker daemon data is taking on disk and allowing for easily cleaning up "unneeded" excess.

docker system prune -a

WARNING! This will remove:
    - all stopped containers
    - all volumes not used by at least one container
    - all images without at least one container associated to them
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y

As wjv comments,

There is also docker {container,image,volume,network} prune, which may be used to remove unused instances of just one type of object.

Introduced in commit 913e5cb, only for Docker 1.13+.

docker container prune

Answer 6

It is now possible to use filtering with docker ps:

docker rm $(docker ps -q -f status=exited)

And for images:

docker rmi $(docker images -q -f "dangling=true")

However, any of those will cause docker rm or docker rmi to throw an error when there are no matching containers. The older docker rm $(docker ps -aq) trick was even worse as it tried to remove any running container, failing at each one.

Here's a cleaner script to add in your ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile :

# Use `docker-cleanup --dry-run` to see what would be deleted.

function docker-cleanup {
  EXITED=$(docker ps -q -f status=exited)
  DANGLING=$(docker images -q -f "dangling=true")

  if [ "$1" == "--dry-run" ]; then
    echo "==> Would stop containers:"
    echo $EXITED
    echo "==> And images:"
    echo $DANGLING
  else
    if [ -n "$EXITED" ]; then
      docker rm $EXITED
    else
      echo "No containers to remove."
    fi
    if [ -n "$DANGLING" ]; then
      docker rmi $DANGLING
    else
      echo "No images to remove."
    fi
  fi
}

Edit: As noted below, original answer was for removing images, not containers. Updated to answer both, including new links to documentation. Thanks to Adrian (and Ryan's answer) for mentioning the new ps filtering.

Answer 7

UPDATED 2021 (NEWEST)

docker container prune

---

This - 2017 (OLD) way

To remove ALL STOPPED CONTAINERS

docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

To remove ALL CONTAINERS (STOPPED AND NON STOPPED)

docker rm  -f $(docker ps -a -q)

Answer 8

Remove all stopped containers:

docker rm $(docker ps -a | grep Exited | awk '{print $1}')

From the comment by pauk960:

Since version 1.3.0 you can use filters with docker ps, instead of grep Exited use docker ps -a -f status=exited. And if you use -q with it you can get container IDs only instead of full output, no need to use awk for that.

Answer 9

If you do not like to remove all containers, you can select all containers created before or after a specific container with docker ps -f before=<container-ID> or with docker ps -f since=<container-ID>

Let's say you have developed your system, and now it is working, but there are a number of containers left. You want to remove containers created before that working version. Determine the ID of the working container with docker ps.

Remove containers created before an other container

docker rm $(docker ps -f before=9c49c11c8d21 -q)

Another example. You have your database already running on a Docker container. You have developed your application to run on another container and now you have a number of unneeded containers.

Remove containers created after a certain container

docker rm $(docker ps -f since=a6ca4661ec7f -q)

Docker stores containers in /var/lib/docker/containers in Ubuntu. I think extra containers do no other harm, but take up disk space.

Answer 10

Update: As of Docker version 1.13 (released January 2017), you can issue the following command to clean up stopped containers, unused volumes, dangling images and unused networks:

docker system prune

If you want to insure that you're only deleting containers which have an exited status, use this:

docker ps -aq -f status=exited | xargs docker rm

Similarly, if you're cleaning up docker stuff, you can get rid of untagged, unnamed images in this way:

docker images -q --no-trunc -f dangling=true | xargs docker rmi

Answer 11

Here is my docker-cleanup script, which removes untagged containers and images. Please check the source for any updates.

#!/bin/sh
# Cleanup docker files: untagged containers and images.
#
# Use `docker-cleanup -n` for a dry run to see what would be deleted.

untagged_containers() {
  # Print containers using untagged images: $1 is used with awk's print: 0=line, 1=column 1.
  docker ps -a | awk '$2 ~ "[0-9a-f]{12}" {print $'$1'}'
}

untagged_images() {
  # Print untagged images: $1 is used with awk's print: 0=line, 3=column 3.
  # NOTE: intermediate images (via -a) seem to only cause
  # "Error: Conflict, foobarid wasn't deleted" messages.
  # Might be useful sometimes when Docker messed things up?!
  # docker images -a | awk '$1 == "<none>" {print $'$1'}'
  docker images | tail -n +2 | awk '$1 == "<none>" {print $'$1'}'
}

# Dry-run.
if [ "$1" = "-n" ]; then
  echo "=== Containers with uncommitted images: ==="
  untagged_containers 0
  echo

  echo "=== Uncommitted images: ==="
  untagged_images 0

  exit
fi

# Remove containers with untagged images.
echo "Removing containers:" >&2
untagged_containers 1 | xargs --no-run-if-empty docker rm --volumes=true

# Remove untagged images
echo "Removing images:" >&2
untagged_images 3 | xargs --no-run-if-empty docker rmi

Source: https://github.com/blueyed/dotfiles/blob/master/usr/bin/docker-cleanup

Answer 12

First, stop running containers before attempting to remove them

Remove running containers

docker rm $(docker stop -t=1 $(docker ps -q))

You could use kill instead of stop. In my case I prefer stop since I tend to rerun them vs. creating a new one every time so I try to shut them down nicely.

Note: Trying to stop a container will give you an error:

Error: Impossible to remove a running container, please stop it first

Remove all containers

docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

Answer 13

Removing all containers from Windows shell:

FOR /f "tokens=*" %i IN ('docker ps -a -q') DO docker rm %i

Answer 14

https://github.com/HardySimpson/docker-cleanup

Docker cleanup

A tiny all-in-one shell, which removes:

• Containers that not running more than one day ago
• Images that don't belong to any remaining container

Intend to run as a crontab job

Feature

• It will remove all <none>:<none> images
• If the image has multiple repo:tag references to it, it will remove all repo:tag except with running a container. Actually it is a nature of "docker rmi".
• Many error message will be show on screen, and you can decide to 2>/dev/null or not
• Learn something from docker-gc, and fix its problem (it can not remove image that has mutliple repo:tag)

Answer 15

So, personally I recommend doing this as part of your deploy script for both images and containers, keeping only the most recent n containers and images. I tag my Docker images with the same versioning schema I use with git tag as well as always tagging the latest Docker image with "latest." This means that without cleaning up anything, my Docker images wind up looking like:

REPOSITORY              TAG       IMAGE ID        CREATED         VIRTUAL SIZE
some_repo/some_image    0.0.5     8f1a7c7ba93c    23 hours ago    925.4 MB
some_repo/some_image    latest    8f1a7c7ba93c    23 hours ago    925.4 MB
some_repo/some_image    0.0.4     0beabfa514ea    45 hours ago    925.4 MB
some_repo/some_image    0.0.3     54302cd10bf2    6 days ago      978.5 MB
some_repo/some_image    0.0.2     0078b30f3d9a    7 days ago      978.5 MB
some_repo/some_image    0.0.1     sdfgdf0f3d9a    8 days ago      938.5 MB

Now, of course I don't want to keep all my images (or containers) going back to perpetuity on all my production boxes. I just want the last 3 or 4 for rollbacks and to get rid of everything else. Unix's tail is your best friend here. Since docker images and docker ps both order by date, we can just use tail to select all but the top three and remove them:

docker rmi $(docker images -q | tail -n +4)

Run that along with your deploy scripts (or locally) to always keep just enough images to comfortably roll back without taking up too much room or cluttering stuff up with old images.

Personally, I only keep one container on my production box at any time, but you can do the same sort of thing with containers if you want more:

docker rm $(docker ps -aq | tail -n +4)

Finally, in my simplified example we're only dealing with one repository at a time, but if you had more, you can just get a bit more sophisticated with the same idea. Say I just want to keep the last three images from some_repo/some_image. I can just mix in grep and awk and be on my way:

docker rmi $(docker images -a | grep 'some_repo/some_image' | awk '{print $3}' | tail -n +4)

Again, the same idea applies to containers, but you get it by this point so I'll stop giving examples.

Answer 16

Use:

docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)

It forcefully stops and removes all containers present locally.

Answer 17

Remove 5 oldest containers:

docker rm `docker ps -aq | tail -n 5`

See how many containers there are left:

docker ps -aq | wc -l

Answer 18

Remove all stopped containers.

sudo docker rm $(sudo docker ps -a -q)

This will remove all stopped containers by getting a list of all containers with docker ps -a -q and passing their ids to docker rm. This should not remove any running containers, and it will tell you it can’t remove a running image.

Remove all untagged images

Now you want to clean up old images to save some space.

sudo docker rmi $(sudo docker images -q --filter "dangling=true")

Answer 19

New way: spotify/docker-gc play the trick.

 docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v /etc:/etc spotify/docker-gc

• Containers that exited more than an hour ago are removed.
• Images that don't belong to any remaining container after that are removed

It has supported environmental settings

Forcing deletion of images that have multiple tags

 FORCE_IMAGE_REMOVAL=1

Forcing deletion of containers

 FORCE_CONTAINER_REMOVAL=1 

Excluding Recently Exited Containers and Images From Garbage Collection

 GRACE_PERIOD_SECONDS=86400

This setting also prevents the removal of images that have been created less than GRACE_PERIOD_SECONDS seconds ago.

Dry run

 DRY_RUN=1

Cleaning up orphaned container volumes CLEAN_UP_VOLUMES=1

Reference: docker-gc

Old way to do:

delete old, non-running containers

 docker ps -a -q -f status=exited | xargs --no-run-if-empty docker rm
             OR 
 docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

delete all images associated with non-running docker containers

 docker images -q | xargs --no-run-if-empty docker rmi

cleanup orphaned docker volumes for docker version 1.10.x and above

 docker volume ls -qf dangling=true | xargs -r docker volume rm

Based on time period

 docker ps -a | grep "weeks ago" | awk "{print $1}" | xargs --no-run-if-empty docker rm
 docker ps -a | grep "days ago" | awk "{print $1}" | xargs --no-run-if-empty docker rm
 docker ps -a | grep "hours ago" | awk "{print $1}" | xargs --no-run-if-empty docker rm

Answer 20

1. Remove all docker processes:

   docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
   

2. Remove specific container:

   $ docker ps -a (lists all old containers)
   
   $ docker rm container-Id
   

Answer 21

You can use the following command to remove the exited containers:

docker rm $(sudo docker ps -a | grep Exit | cut -d ' ' -f 1)

Here is the full gist to also remove the old images on docker: Gist to remove old Docker containers and images.

Answer 22

#!/bin/bash
# docker-gc --- Remove stopped docker containers

RUNNING=$(docker ps -q)
ALL=$(docker ps -a -q)

for container in $ALL ; do
    [[ "$RUNNING" =~ "$container" ]] && continue
    echo Removing container: $(docker rm $container)
done

Answer 23

You can remove only stopped containers. Stop all of them in the beginning

docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)

Then you can remove

docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

Answer 24

I always use docker rmi $(docker ps -a -q) to remove all images.

You can remove directory /var/lib/docker/graph when docker rmi failed.

Answer 25

The basic steps to stop/remove all containers and images

1. List all the containers

   docker ps -aq

2. Stop all running containers

   docker stop $(docker ps -aq)

3. Remove all containers

   docker rm $(docker ps -aq)

4. Remove all images

   docker rmi $(docker images -q)

Note: First you have to stop all the running containers before you remove them. Also before removing an image, you have to stop and remove its dependent container(s).

Answer 26

Try this command to clean containers and dangling images.

docker system prune -a

Answer 27

For anyone interested, I took the example from qkrijger and turned it into a clear all (stop and remove all)

docker stop `docker ps --no-trunc -aq` ; docker rm `docker ps --no-trunc -aq`

Answer 28

To simply remove everything that is not currently used by a running container the following alias, that I usually put into the .bash_profile on my Mac, will help:

alias dockerclean="docker ps -q -a | xargs docker rm -v && docker images -q | xargs docker rmi"

Whenever dockerclean is invoked from the command line it will remove stopped containers as well as unused image layers. For running containers and used images it will print a warning message and skip over it.

Answer 29

#!/bin/bash

echo Cleanup unused containers
unused_containers=$(docker ps -a -q --filter="status=exited")
if [[ -n $unused_containers ]]
then
  docker rm $unused_containers
fi

echo Cleanup unused images
unused_images=$(docker images | grep '^<none>' | awk '{print $3}')
if [[ -n $unused_images ]]
then
  docker rmi $unused_images
fi

Answer 30

docker rm --force `docker ps -qa`